Espiritualidad, vocación y sentido. Recursos generales de resistencia para profesionales de enfermería según la figura de San Juan de Dios / Espiritualidade, vocação e significado. Recursos gerais de resistência para profissionais de enfermagem segundo a figura de São João de Deus / Spirituality, vocation, and meaning. General resistance resources for nursing professionals according to the figure of Saint John of God

Este artículo tiene como objetivo elaborar una reflexión haciaaquellos elementos que actuaron como recursos espirituales enel proceso de formación de San Juan de Dios como enfermeroy elaborar una serie de aportaciones actuales para reforzar elsentido de coherencia de las enfermeras post pandemia. Seutilizó la metodología historiográfica aplicada a historia de laenfermería para la reconstrucción de la memoria profesional,tomando como referencia y ejemplo la figura de San Juan deDios y se recogieron los elementos siguiendo la herramientade valoración espiritual FICA. Los textos muestran a Juan deDios con un sentido de coherencia interna que se hizo posiblea través de los recursos psico-espirituales de la época. Éstosfacilitaron encontrar y desarrollar la vocación propia y lamotivación para desarrollarla y alcanzar la autorrealización.La propuesta es contemplar en la profesionalización enfermeraun cuidado por paraklesis, que implica presencia personal,actitud dialogal y palabra sapiencial, luminosa y alentadorasiguiendo el modelo de San Juan de Dios, y su relación conel modelo de valoración espiritual FICA.(AU)

This article aims to elaborate a reflection on the elementsthat were spiritual resources during the formation of SaintJohn of God as a nurse.It is also to elaborate a series of current contributions to reinforcethe nurses’sense of coherence within post-pandemic context.The historiographical methodology applied to nursing history was used for the reconstruction of professional memory, takingthe figure of Saint John of God as a reference and example.Thetexts show John of God with a sense of internal coherence.It was possible through the psycho-spiritual resources of thetime. These made it easier for him to find and develop hisown vocation and the motivation to develop it and achieveself-realization. Our proposal is to contemplate in nursingprofessionalization a care for paraklesis, which impliespersonal presence, dialogical attitude and wise, luminousand encouraging word following the model of Saint John ofGod and it relationship with FICA evaluation Model.(AU)

Este artigo tem como objetivo elaborar uma reflexão sobre oselementos que atuaram como recursos espirituais no processode formação de São João de Deus como enfermeiro e elaboraruma série de contribuições atuais para reforçar o sentidode coerência das enfermeiras pós-pandemia. Foi utilizada ametodologia historiográfica aplicada à história da enfermagempara a reconstrução da memória profissional, tendo comoreferência e exemplo a figura de São João de Deus, e oselementos foram coletados seguindo a ferramenta de avaliaçãoespiritual FICA. Os textos mostram São João de Deus comum sentido de coerência interna que se tornou possível pormeio dos recursos psico-espirituais da época. Estes facilitaramencontrar e desenvolver a vocação própria, bem como amotivação para desenvolvê-la e alcançar a autorrealização. Aproposta é contemplar na profissionalização da enfermeiraum cuidado por paraklesis, que implica presença pessoal,atitude dialógica e palavra sapiencial, luminosa e encorajadora,seguindo o modelo de São João de Deus e sua relação como modelo de avaliação espiritual FICA.(AU)

["If you are a woman, read this, it's good for you": the advertising of medicines targeted at mothers in the Colombian press, 1903-1945]. / "Si usted es mujer lea esto que le conviene": la publicidad de medicamentos de patentes dirigidos a las madres en la prensa colombiana, 1903-1945.

This article analyses the advertising of patent medicine directed at mothers, which circulated in newspapers between 1903 and 1945. It demonstrates that these advertisings played an important role in shaping women as a consumer demographic, promoting a scientific approach to motherhood intertwined with health challenges. The methodology employed included the analysis of advertisements in the newspapers El Tiempo, La Prensa, Rigoletto, El Faro and Evolución. Additionally, it examines the historiography of the subject in Colombia and other latitudes. The conclusion of this study asserts that motherhood was a significant target for pharmaceutical industries, leading to a commercial concept of motherhood.

Este artículo analiza la publicidad de medicamentos de patentes dirigida a las madres en la prensa colombiana entre 1903 y 1945. Muestra cómo estos anuncios jugaron un papel importante al momento de moldear a la mujer como una población objeto de consumo, estableciendo una maternidad científica por medio de la medicalización. La metodología incluyó el análisis de los avisos publicitarios en los periódicos El Tiempo, La Prensa, Rigoletto, El Faro y Evolución. Igualmente, dialogó con la historiografía de la temática producida en Colombia y otras latitudes. Concluyó que la maternidad fue un nicho importante para la venta de medicamentos, provocando la conformación de una idea comercial de lo materno.

[Urology in Upper Palatinate-what archeology, historical research, and historiography reveal : Part 1: from Roman Antiquity to the late Middle Ages]. / Urologie in der Oberpfalz ­ Was uns Archäologie, historische Forschung und Geschichtsschreibung verraten : Teil 1: von römischer Antike bis Spätmittelalter.

Since 1924, it has been possible to qualify as a specialist in urology in Germany. The first hospital departments for the treatment of urological conditions were established as early as the end of the German Empire and the Weimar Republic. However, the beginning of specialist medical care in the Bavarian administrative district of Upper Palatinate, often known as the "poorhouse" of Germany until the second half of the last century, was much later. Nevertheless, the lineage of "urological" activity here can be traced back to much earlier eras. Of course, it must be accepted that the evidence from times long past is weak. This is especially applicable when it comes to a topic such as the treatment of the sick and the preservation of health, which is not only considered a science but also often a central focus of life for us today, because in history it was often only mentioned in the fight against epidemics and in anecdotal descriptions. This is a circumstance which, when looking at the history of urology, gives rise to the hope of finding one or two interesting sources. This article not only aims to trace the history of the development of urology in a rural area from contemporary history to the present day, but also to explore the treatment of urological diseases in this region since late antiquity. Furthermore, we invite readers to look at other places of urological remembrance in a similar way.

Ten years of the Peruvian Society of the History of Psychology.

This article briefly reviews the development of the history of psychology as a specialized discipline in Peru, in order to learn about the emergence, organization and productivity of the Peruvian Society of the History of Psychology (SPHP), which was founded in 2012. Previously, by way of introduction, the advances in the institutionalization of the history of psychology in Latin America and the development of the historiography of psychology in Peru are described. Seminars, journals, and books edited by the SPHP are discussed, as well as new projects and the challenges that must be faced for a greater dissemination of the history of psychology in Peru. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A supposedly objective thing I'll never use again: Word association and the quest for validity and reliability in emotional adjustment research from Carl Jung to Carl Rogers (1898-1927).

As the first two decades of the 20th century unfolded, clinical psychologists, who had until then been mainly associated with intelligence testing, attempted to implement a specific psychological method-Carl Gustav Jung's (1875-1961) word-association "test"-in individual personality assessments. As one of the early clinical psychologists who attempted to use the method, Carl Ransom Rogers (1902-1987) is conspicuously absent from the historiography of clinical psychological testing. In fact, historians have recently suggested that we are lacking narratives about Rogers' early ideas and techniques in the context of both the development of clinical psychology and the emergence of psychological testing as clinicians' foremost scholarly activity. In light of the above, this paper pursues two main goals. First, it attempts to reconstruct Rogers' first original research project on emotional adjustment testing in young children in the broader context of the development of word-association tests as carried out by Jung and Whately Smith (1892-1947). Second, it aims to reconstruct Rogers' earliest theoretical ideas as well as his epistemological assumptions regarding test objectivity, validity and reliability. By drawing on unpublished documents and heretofore overlooked primary sources I show that although Rogers initially drew from Jung and Smith's complex and refined tradition, he ultimately rejected it as well as the tests themselves. At first drawn to Smith's quantitative, empiricist and experimental philosophy of psychology, Rogers was deterred when the data gathered through his own research in 1927 suggested that word association tests had no real, effective clinical value when used in children. By showcasing the complex process of test construction and validation undertaken by 1920s clinical psychologists, Rogers' case illustrates the research practices, the methodological problems and the epistemological dilemmas faced by most if not all of his contemporaries.

Introduction to Special Issue: Geneses, organizations and transformations of psychiatric epidemiology.

Recent historiography has revealed a growing interest in the developments of psychiatric epidemiology. This volume aims to explicitly tackle the problem of transforming a diversity of knowledge into a structured scientific unit. Furthermore, it aims to answer this by bringing together historical studies that demonstrate how epistemic authority has led to the hierarchization of knowledge and the institutionalization of psychiatric epidemiology. Interdisciplinary research teams are traced back in history, and their organization is interrogated. Tracing the history of psychiatric epidemiology involves an exploration of disciplinary divisions of labour, such as how survey methods are based on theoretical frameworks, how research programmes are regulated with political and moral ideals, and how the wider public recognizes public health expertise.

Historiographies of science and labor: From past perspectives to future possibilities.

This article offers suggestions for what a labor history of science might look like and what it might accomplish. It does so by first reviewing how historians of science have analyzed the history of both "science as labor" and "science and labor" since the 1930s. It then moves on to discuss recent historiographical developments in both the history of science and labor history that together provide an analytical frame for further research. The article ends by projecting into the future, considering how a labor history of science might help us grapple with connecting our understanding of the past with the challenges of today and tomorrow.

Science and/as work: An introduction to this special issue.

This brief essay introduces a special issue dedicated to exploring two themes: "science and work" and "science as work." Following a brief overview of these two themes, it briefly describes the other contributions to the special issue.

Bringing the history of mathematics home: Entangled practices of domesticity, gender, and mathematical work.

Although much scholarship on nineteenth and twentieth century mathematics has focused on processes of professionalization, historical mathematicians themselves rarely experienced their lives as neatly divisible into the professional and the private. Taking marriage as a focal point, this introduction brings the fruitful historiography of gender, collaborative couples, and domesticity in science into a broader conversation with the history of mathematics. By historicizing marriage and its relationship to mathematical careers, we lay the groundwork for the special issue which uncovers the myriad ways in which spousal collaboration and support have been central to mathematical work.

Consideraciones sobre las primeras psiquiatras en Brasil: Formación, actuación y estrategias de integración (1920-1940) / Considerations on the first women psychiatrists in Brazil: Education, practice and integration strategies (1920-1940)

Este artículo analiza la forma en que se produjo la diversificación de género en la psiquiatría brasileña entre 1920 y 1940. A partir de la confrontación y comparación de las trayectorias de las siete primeras mujeres psiquiatras que identificamos en Brasil, mostramos cuáles fueron los factores que condicionaron su integración en la profesión psiquiátrica, y cómo esta integración incidió en el lugar que ocupan en la sociedad. Utilizando el concepto de generación y estilo de pensamiento de Ludwik Fleck a lo largo de la reflexión, estudiamos en primer lugar el perfil socioeconómico de estas mujeres, observando que la mayoría de ellas vienen de clases favorecidas de la sociedad brasileña. En un segundo paso, indagamos sobre las condiciones externas de su integración, en cuanto a la legislación vigente en materia de educación y acceso a estudios superiores, de las opciones científicas y académicas y de las oportunidades institucionales y profesionales que tenían. Por último, intentamos comprender las condiciones más implícitas de su integración en la profesión psiquiátrica, y los retornos que les aportaban a estas mujeres en el contexto en el que vivían.(AU)

This article discusses the way in which gender diversification occurred within Brazilian psychiatry between 1920 and 1940. Based on the confrontation and comparison between the trajectories of the first seven women psychiatrists we identified in Brazil, we show which factors conditioned their integration into the psychiatric profession, and how this integration had repercussions on the place they occupy in society. Using Ludwik Fleck’s concept of generation and style of thought throughout the reflection, we first study the socio-economic profile of these women, noting that most of them come from the privileged classes of Brazilian society. In a second step, we inquired about the external conditions of their integration, regarding the legislation in force in education and access to higher studies, the scientific and academic options and the institutional and professional opportunities they had. Finally, we tried to understand the more implicit conditions of their integration in the psychiatric profession, and the returns they brought to these women in the context in which they lived.(AU)

Estado, naturaleza: Instituciones de salud pública y atención médica en São Paulo entre los siglos XIX y XX / State, nature: Public health and medical care institutions in São Paulo between the 19th and 20th centuries

El artículo tiene como objetivo discutir la noción de naturaleza y salud pública durante la transición del Imperio a la República, específicamente en São Paulo, en la región sureste de Brasil. La calidad de la naturaleza de São Paulo fue repetidamente destacada, incluso después de la llegada de las grandes epidemias de fiebre amarilla y cólera a partir de 1850. Los principales cambios que tuvieron lugar en ese período fueron el aumento de la densidad democrática, la sustitución del trabajo esclavizado por trabajadores blancos y el cambio de régimen político. El objetivo aquí es discutir de manera panorámica el lugar de asistencia brindado por las Santas Casas de Misericordia en el cambio del siglo XIX al XX, en un período en que la atención a la salud todavía era la principal preocupación del gobierno. Veremos que, con la creación de los servicios sanitarios en el período republicano, las nociones de benignidad del clima y de las tierras de São Paulo se transformaron en la apreciación del avance sanitario y la calidad del marco civilizador de São Paulo.(AU)

The article aims to discuss the notion of nature and public health during the transition from Empire to Republic, specifically in São Paulo, in the southeastern region of Brazil. The quality of nature in São Paulo was repeatedly highlighted, even after the arrival of the great epidemics of yellow fever and cholera from 1850 onwards. The main changes that took place in that period were the increase in democratic density, the replacement of slave labour by white workers and the change of political regime. The aim here is to discuss in a panoramic way the place of assistance provided by the Santas Casas de Misericordia at the turn of the nineteenth to the twentieth century, in a period when health care was still the main concern of the government. We will see that, with the creation of health services in the republican period, notions of the benignity of the climate and lands of São Paulo were transformed in the appreciation of the sanitary progress and the quality of the civilising framework of São Paulo.(AU)

Anthropocene, human sciences and historiography. / Antropoceno, ciências humanas e historiografia.

The article initially presents an increasingly significant move of discussions about the Anthropocene towards humanities and social sciences. Then, taking as a starting point the proposal that these fields could contribute to the understanding of the "consequential meta-level" of studies on the Anthropocene, it discusses how some works produced in humanities and social sciences have dealt with the relationship between causes, effects and consequences regarding the new planetary regime, with a special focus on the debate about the "technosphere." It concludes by indicating the potential of the "ontological turn" to expand the explanatory and communicative horizons of historiography.

O artigo mostra, inicialmente, como as discussões sobre o Antropoceno têm se deslocado de maneira cada vez mais significativa para o campo das ciências humanas. Em seguida, tomando como ponto de partida a proposta de que as ciências humanas deveriam contribuir para a compreensão do "metanível consequencial" dos estudos sobre o Antropoceno, discute como alguns trabalhos produzidos nesse campo têm lidado com as relações entre causas, efeitos e consequências diante das condições do novo regime planetário, considerando de maneira especial as discussões sobre a "tecnosfera". Conclui indicando o potencial das novas perspectivas ontológicas das ciências humanas para a ampliação dos horizontes explicativos e comunicativos da historiografia.

[When the present can help refine interpretations of the past: covid-19 in real time and the historiography of epidemics]. / Cuando el presente puede ayudar a refinar las interpretaciones del pasado: covid-19 en tiempo real y la historiografía de las epidemias.

These notes address the proliferation of discourses with improvised, uninformed, apocalyptic and voluntarist approaches. They emphasize issues such as the widespread ignorance about the history of epidemics, and the inability to deal with the uncertainties that reign during pandemic times, as well as the announcements that this extraordinary health/sanitary event would produce a profound watershed in all walks of life and in all corners of the world. Finally, these notes seek to point out how the present can illuminate the study of the past - or, more personally, what I think I have learned as a historian in the times of the covid-19 pandemic.

Estas notas abordan la proliferación de discursos con enfoques improvisados, desinformados, apocalípticos y voluntaristas. Enfatizan cuestiones como la ignorancia sobre la historia de las epidemias, y también la incapacidad para lidiar con las incertidumbres que reinan durante las pandemias, así como los anuncios que este extraordinario evento sanitario produciría un profundo parteaguas en todos los órdenes de la vida y en todos los rincones del mundo. Finalmente, estas notas buscan señalar cómo el presente puede iluminar el estudio del pasado ­ o, de modo más personal, lo que creo haber aprendido como historiador en los tiempos de la pandemia de la covid-19.

The Archaeology of Alchemy and Chemistry: Past, Present, and Ideas for the Future.

The materials and practices of chymical procedures have become key sources of information among science historians, opening up channels for cross-disciplinary dialogue. This is especially true with regard to material culture-based disciplines such as archaeology whose bottom-up approach offers significant contributions to the new historiography of science. Parallel to this trend, some archaeological scientists who specialise in reconstructing past technologies have begun to address questions concerning the production and circulation of scientific knowledge, and have focused as well on the contributions of artists/artisans to the development of natural philosophical theories. This essay charts the history of this archaeology of alchemy and chemistry and its development as a sub-discipline of archaeological science. By mapping this history, from an initial period with a focus on metallurgy to current trends, it demonstrates how the archaeology of alchemy and chemistry both mirrors and, at the same time, feeds the broadening scope of the historiography of science. After surveying the most relevant works and highlighting the key contributions that archaeologists have brought to a discourse related to the creation of scientific knowledge, the essay also offers a series of ideas related to materials awaiting comprehensive study that will further strengthen methodological synergies across disciplines.

Circulation as a Visual Practice.

This special issue looks at some of the ways that images are adopted, co-opted, and adapted in the life sciences and beyond. It brings together papers that investigate the role of visualization in scientific knowledge-production with contributions that focus on the distribution and dissemination of knowledge to a broader audience. A commentary provides a critical perspective. In this editorial we introduce circulation as a practice to better understand scientific images. Along two themes, we highlight connections across the papers. First, the social life of scientific representation follows the contexts, settings, and spaces through which images circulate. Second, authorship, expertise, and trust inform the capacity and the failure of images to circulate. Altogether, this volume raises a set of new questions about circulation as practice in the historiography of images in the life sciences.

Presidential Address 'Some years of cudgelling my brains about the nature and function of science museums': Frank Sherwood Taylor and the public role of the history of science.

Frank Sherwood Taylor was director of the Science Museum London for just over five years from October 1950. He was the only historian of science ever to have been director of this institution, which has always ridden a tightrope between advocacy of science and advocacy of its history, balancing differently at different points in its history. He was also president of the BSHS from 1951 to 1953. So what happened when a historian got his hands on the nation's pre-eminent public museum of science? To what extent did his historian's training and instincts affect his policies whilst director, and with what effect in the longer term? Taking this exceptional case, I suggest, enables us to consider how museum accounts of the past of science relate to historiographies of science otherwise available in the culture. In this discussion, drawing on new archival research, I consider the role of history within a key policy paper he wrote in 1951. I analyse and contextualize its main themes before considering, by way of conclusion, his legacy.

Historiographical approaches to biogeography: a critical review.

We performed a critical review of the historiographical studies on biogeography. We began with the pioneering works of Augustin and Alphonse de Candolle. Then, we analyzed the historical accounts of biogeography developed by (1) Martin Fichman and his history on the extensionism-permanentism debate; (2) Gareth Nelson and his critique of the Neo-Darwinian historiography of biogeography; (3) Ernst Mayr, with his dispersalist viewpoint; (4) Alan Richardson, who wrote a microhistory on the biogeographic model constructed by Darwin; (5) Michael Paul Kinch and the ideas discussed in the 19th century about the geographical distribution of living beings; (6) Janet Browne, who highlighted the importance of the pre-Darwinian naturalists; (7) Peter Bowler, who focused mainly on the influence of paleontology on biogeography; (8) James Larson, who looked into the practices of the naturalists of Northern Europe in the late 18th century; and (9) Malte Ebach, who like Larson, was more interested in analysing the practices rather than the ideas of naturalists who studied the geographical distribution of organisms. Finally, these works are compared with each other. There has not been a dominant paradigm in the construction of historical narratives of biogeography; however, they provide a useful context for understanding problems of biogeography that continue to be debated to this day.

Herman Boerhaave's Clinical Teaching: A Story of Partial Historiography.

Gerrit Lindeboom's biography, Herman Boerhaave: The Man and His Work, presents a heroic account of Herman Boerhaave's life and his many contributions to medicine and medical education. He is portrayed as an outstanding eighteenth century educator who introduced into Leiden's Medical School a novel method of clinical teaching that was to be widely adopted and today remains at the centre of medical student instruction. Lindeboom's historiography induced a resurgence of interest in Boerhaave, a renewal of the myth concerning Boerhaave's innovative teaching and the publication of many acclamatory articles and false epithets, and several critical analyses. Such varying responses prompted this critical examination of the extant Boerhaavian literature, an appraisal of Lindeboom's objectivity and an assessment of his representations of Boerhaave's clinical teaching. In doing so, the moral nature of his historiography and that of those who were to sustain his assertions will be established, and the myth that surrounds the novelty and excellence of Boerhaave's clinical teaching will be evident.